Minerals contribute to the characteristic taste and mineral of water known as hard water.
Definition of Hardness of Water
The concentration of calcium and magnesium salts in water is referred to as the hardness of the water.
Hard water is defined as water that does not easily generate lather when combined with soap.
#1 Temporary Hardness
The term “Temporary Hard Water” refers to water in which the only dissolved minerals present are calcium and magnesium hydrogen carbonates.
The hardness of it may be eliminated by simply boiling it.
#2 Permanent Hardness
The term “Permanently Hard Water” refers to water that contains sulfates in addition to magnesium and calcium chloride.
The hardness can’t be eliminated by boiling the substance.
Here’s a table comparing Temporary Hardness and Permanent Hardness of water:
| Feature | Temporary Hardness | Permanent Hardness |
|---|---|---|
| Definition | Water with calcium and magnesium hydrogen carbonates | Water containing sulfates and chlorides of calcium and magnesium |
| Removal Method | Can be removed by boiling | Cannot be removed by boiling |
| Main Minerals | Calcium hydrogen carbonate, Magnesium hydrogen carbonate | Calcium sulfate, Magnesium sulfate, Calcium chloride, Magnesium chloride |
| Characteristics | Produces lather with soap after boiling | Does not produce lather with soap, even after boiling |
| Examples of Sources | Natural waters, rainwater | Well water, some groundwater |
| Effect on Household | Less scaling in appliances after boiling | More scaling in appliances, harder on plumbing and appliances |
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